Environmentally Benign Wood Modifications: A Review. Youming Dong, Kaili Wang, Jianzhang Li, Shifeng Zhang, Sheldon Q.High-Strength, Dimensionally Stable, and Flame-Retardant Fast-Growing Poplar Prepared by Ammonium Polyphosphate–Waterborne Epoxy Impregnation. Xiaohan Hao, Mingli Li, Yishuai Huang, Yihua Sun, Kunxiang Zhang, Chuigen Guo.This article is cited by 23 publications. Table S1, Statistical data of the untreated and treated wood cell wall thickness Figure S1, NMR spectra of cellulose, (a) 13C NMR spectrum of untreated cellulose, (b) 13C NMR spectrum of treated cellulose Figure S2, NMR spectra of β-phenylethyl, (a) 1H NMR spectrum of untreated β-phenylethyl, (b) 1H NMR spectrum of treated β-phenylethyl, (c) 13C NMR spectrum of untreated β-phenylethyl, (d) 13C NMR spectrum of treated β-phenylethyl Figure S3, NMR spectra of 4- n-propylphenol, (a) 1H NMR spectrum of untreated 4- n-propylphenol, (b) 1H NMR spectrum of treated 4- n-propylphenol, (c) 13C NMR spectrum of untreated 4- n-propylphenol, (d) 13C NMR spectrum of treated 4- n-propylphenol Figure S4, NMR spectra of 2, 6-dimethoxyphenol, (a) 1H NMR spectrum of untreated 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, (b) 1H NMR spectrum of treated 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, (c) 13C NMR spectrum of untreated 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, (d) 13C NMR spectrum of treated 2, 6-dimethoxyphenol and Figure S5, WPG of wood treated with different addition of NMA ( PDF) The Supporting Information is available free of charge on the ACS Publications website at DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b03112. The modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity of the corresponding material increased 20.2% and 38.0%, respectively, compared with those of the untreated one. However, a 68.37% antiswelling efficiency was achieved after a water-soluble vinyl monomer treatment under the optimized condition (when 20 wt % of NMA was coadded). The lumen of the wood remained unfilled during the modification process, and just a 40% weight gain was achieved. Results indicated that the water-soluble vinyl monomers could effectively permeate into the wood cell walls and connected with the hydroxyl groups of the lignin and polysaccharides via covalent bonds. The distributions of the modifiers in the wood cell walls and the graft mechanism between water-soluble vinyl monomers and wood cell wall components were thoroughly investigated. In this study, a novel method inserting water-soluble vinyl monomers into wood cell walls followed by in situ polymerization was proposed. The accomplishment of lightweight reinforcement of wood through an environmentally friendly approach has been seen as a tough nut to crack for a long time.
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